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๐ŸŽค ์‹œํ•™ ๊ฐ•๋… - 3๊ฐ•

๐ŸŽค ์‹œํ•™ ๊ฐ•๋… - 3๊ฐ•

May 01, 2024

์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค, โŸช์‹œํ•™โŸซ, ๊ฐ•์˜์ž๋ฃŒ

2024. 5. 1. ์ˆ˜์›์‹œ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต๊ด€, ๊ฐ•์œ ์›

3๊ฐ•. ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ(1)

โง ๋น„๊ทน์˜ ์ •์˜

โ€œ๋น„๊ทน์€ ์™„๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํƒ์›”ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ฉฐ, โ€– ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋“ค์—์„œ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ข… ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์‹๋œ ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š”, โ€– ์„œ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ [๋“ฑ์žฅ์ธ๋ฌผ์˜] ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ [๋ฌด๋Œ€ ์œ„์—์„œ] ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”, โ€– ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ์ •๋“ค์˜ ์ •ํ™”ๆทจๅŒ–๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์ด๋‹ค.โ€(1449b 24-28)

Halliwell

โ€œTragedy, then, is mimesis of an action which is elevated, complete, and of magnitude; in language embellished by distinct forms in its sections; employing the mode of enactment, not narrative; and through pity and fear accomplishing the catharsis of such emotions.โ€


Samuel Butcher

โ€œTragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in language embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several kinds of being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of action, not of narrative; through pity and fear effecting the proper purgation of these emotions.โ€


โง ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์š”์†Œ

  • ๊ณต์—ฐ์˜ ์žฅ์‹(opsis, spectacular elements, visual adornment). ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹

  • ๋…ธ๋ž˜(melopoiia, sing-composition, lyric), ์–ธ์–ด์  ํ‘œํ˜„(lexis, diction, verbal expression). ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ

  • ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ(ฤ“thos, character), ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฐฉ์‹(dianoia, thought). ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฐฉ์‹ โ€”> ์„ฑ์งˆ(poios) โ€”> ํ–‰์œ„. ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ

  • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ(mythos, plot). ํ–‰์œ„๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค: ์™„๊ฒฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ ์ •์„ฑ(7์žฅ), ํ†ต์ผ์„ฑ(8์žฅ), ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ, ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ํ•„์—ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์—ฐ์„ฑ(9์žฅ), ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ(10์žฅ), ๋ฐ˜์ „, ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ, ๊ณ ํ†ต(11์žฅ). โ€œ๋น„๊ทน์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ(arkhฤ“), ์ฆ‰ ๋น„๊ทน์˜ ์˜ํ˜ผ(psykhฤ“)์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค.โ€(1450a 37)


โง ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฐฉ์‹

  • ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์„ ํƒ, ์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํšŒํ”ผํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ ํ˜ธ์™€ ํšŒํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ง์€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. 

  • Herakleitos, โ€œ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์šด๋ช…โ€(ฤ“thos anthrลpล daimลn)

  • ์‚ฌ์œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ํ–‰๋™์— ํฌํ•จ๋œ ์ง€์„ฑ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, โ€˜์ ๋‹นํ•œ ๋งโ€™(the suitable)๊ณผ โ€˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งโ€™(the possible)์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ. โ€œ์ •์น˜์ˆ ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œโ€, 19์žฅ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ๋ณ€. โ€œ๋ง์— ์˜ํ•ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” [์›์น™์ ์œผ๋กœ] ์‚ฌ์œ [์˜ ๋…ผ๋ณ€] ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค [์ˆ˜์‚ฌ์ ] ํšจ๊ณผ์—๋Š” ์ฆ๋ช…๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ•, (์—ฐ๋ฏผ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณตํฌ์™€ ๋ถ„๋…ธ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€) ๊ฐ์ •๋“ค์˜ ํ™˜๊ธฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ [์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„์˜] ๊ณผ์žฅ๊ณผ [์–ด๋–ค ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„์˜] ์ถ•์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.โ€(19์žฅ, 1456a 36-1456b 2)

โง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„

  • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ํšŒํ™”์˜ ๋ฐ์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ(ฤ“thikas)๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹คํ•ด๋„ ๋ฐ์ƒ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜๋ฉด ์ข‹์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋‹ค. 

  • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํƒœ(dynamis)์™€ ํ˜„์‹คํƒœ(entelekheia)์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ•œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉโ€™, ์ฆ‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํƒœ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์šฉ(energeia)ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ์ฆ‰ ํ˜„์‹คํƒœ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋„๋•์ (์„ฑ๊ฒฉ), ์ง€์ (์‚ฌ์ƒ) ์„ฑ์งˆ์˜ ๊ทน์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 

๐ŸŽง https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-c38a7-15fe897

๐ŸŽง https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-8t5nd-15fe89e

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