๐Ÿ“– ๋ฌธํ•™์€ ๊ณต์œ ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

๐Ÿ“– ๋ฌธํ•™์€ ๊ณต์œ ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค

Jun 10, 2024

๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ์šธํ”„, โŸช๋ฌธํ•™์€ ๊ณต์œ ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹คโŸซ

โง ๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ์šธํ”„์˜ ์—์„ธ์ด๋“ค

  • 1986๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ โŸช์—์„ธ์ด ์ „์ง‘โŸซ(The Essays of Virgina Woolf) ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„, 2011๋…„ ์ „6๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์™„๊ฐ„

  • โ€˜์ผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐโ€™๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰. ์ƒ์ „์—๋Š” ์†Œ์„ค๋ณด๋‹ค ์—์„ธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋” ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ฝํž˜

  • โŸช๋ฒ„์ง€๋‹ˆ์•„ ์šธํ”„ ์‚ฐ๋ฌธ์„ โŸซ, ์ œ2๊ถŒ์— ์ˆ˜๋ก๋œ ๊ธ€๋“ค. ์„œ์žฌ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ / ์ฑ…์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? / ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์†Œ์„ค / ๋ฒ ๋„ท ์”จ์™€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด ๋ถ€์ธ / ์‹œ, ์†Œ์„ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ / ์„œํ‰ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ / ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์—์„ธ์ด / ์ „๊ธฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ  / ์†œ์”จ / ํ›„์›์ž์™€ ํฌ๋กœ์ปค์Šค / ๊ธฐ์šฐ๋Š” ํƒ‘ / ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์ฑ…์ด ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ๋˜ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ?


โง โ€œํ˜„๋Œ€ ์†Œ์„คโ€(Modern Fiction)

  • โŸชํƒ€์ž„์Šค ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ ์„œํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋จผํŠธโŸซTimes Literary Supplement, 1919. 4. 10. โ€œModern Novelsโ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ. ์ˆ˜์ • ๋ณด์™„๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด 1925๋…„ โŸช๋ณดํ†ต ๋…์žโŸซ(The Common Reader)์— โ€œModern Fictionโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค๋ฆผ(โ€œModern Fictionโ€, Essays IV, pp. 157-165)

  • โ€œ์œ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์žโ€. ์ •์‹ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์œก์ฒด์—๋งŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘๋Š” ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€๋“ค. ์ด๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ œ์ž„์Šค ์กฐ์ด์Šค๋Š” โ€œ์ •์‹ ์ โ€(spiritual)์ด์–ด์„œ โ€œ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ๊นœ๋นก์ด๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ถˆ๊ฝƒ์˜ ๋ช…๋ฉธ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋ คโ€(to reveal the flickerings of that innermost flame which flashes its messages through the brain)ํ•œ๋‹ค. 

  • ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ๋Š” โ€˜์‚ถโ€™์ด๋‹ค. โ€œ์‚ถ์€ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋œ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๋งˆ์ฐจ ๋“ฑ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น›๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์˜์‹์˜ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์™ธํ”ผๅค–็šฎ์ด๋‹ค.โ€(Life is not a series of gig lamps symmetrically arranged; life is a luminous halo, a semi-transparent envelope surrounding us from the beginning of consciousness to the end.) ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ โ€œโ€˜์†Œ์„ค์— ๊ฑธ๋งž์€ ์žฌ๋ฃŒโ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์†Œ์„ค์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€("The proper stuff of fiction" does not exist; everything is the proper stuff of fiction)

  • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•. โ€œ๊ด€์Šต์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ํ”Œ๋กฏ๋„ ์—†์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ํฌ๊ทน๋„ ๋น„๊ทน๋„ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํŒŒ๊ตญ๋„ ์—†์–ด์ ธ์„œโ€(if he could base his work upon his own feeling and not upon convention, there would be no plot, no comedy, no tragedy, no love interest or catastrophe in the accepted style). โ€œ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…์ž๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜๋„์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œ, ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋„ ์˜ณ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์˜ณ๋‹ค.โ€(Any method is right, every method is right, that expresses what we wish to express, if we are writers; that brings us closer to the novelist's intention if we are readers.)

๐ŸŽง https://www.podbean.com/eas/pb-vn5kw-163a225

โง โ€œ๋ฒ ๋„ท ์”จ์™€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด ๋ถ€์ธโ€(Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Browon)

  • โŸช๋‰ด์š• ์ด๋ธŒ๋‹ ํฌ์ŠคํŠธโŸซNew York Evening Post, 1923. 11. 17., โŸช๋„ค์ด์…˜ ์•ค๋“œ ์• ์‹œ๋‹ˆ์—„โŸซNation and Athenaeum, 1923. 12. 1.์— โ€œ๋ฒ ๋„ท ์”จ์™€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด ๋ถ€์ธโ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒŒ์žฌํ•œ ๊ธ€์„ ํ™•์ถฉํ•˜์—ฌ 1924๋…„ 5์›” โ€˜์ผ€์ž„๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ์ง€์˜ ์ด๋‹จ์ž๋“คโ€™(Cambridge Hereties)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ชจ์ž„์—์„œ ์ฝ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด โ€œ์†Œ์„ค์˜ ์ธ๋ฌผ๋“คโ€(Character in Fiction)์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ๋ชฉ์œผ๋กœ 1924. 7. โŸชํฌ๋ผ์ดํ‹ฐ์–ด๋ฆฌ์–ธโŸซCriterion์— ์‹ค์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธ€

  • ์•„๋„๋“œ ๋ฒ ๋„ทArnold Bennett์˜ ๋น„ํŒ. 1923. 3. 28. โŸช์นด์…€์Šค ์œ„ํด๋ฆฌโŸซCassellโ€™s Weekly์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ โ€œ์†Œ์„ค์€ ํ‡ด๋ณดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?โ€(Is the Novel Decaying?)๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธ€์—์„œ ์†Œ์„ค๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด โ€œ๋ฆฌ์–ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐธ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌผโ€(characters that are real, true, and convincing)์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์šธํ”„์˜ โŸช์ œ์ด์ปต์˜ ๋ฐฉโŸซ(Jacobโ€™s Room)์„ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ์ž‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•จ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š๋ผ โ€˜๊ธฐ์–ต์— ๋‚จ์„ ๋งŒํ•œโ€™ ์ธ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ˜นํ‰

  • ์—๋“œ์›Œ๋“œ ์‹œ๋Œ€(Edwardians). ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€(1837-1901)์— ๋’ค์ด์€ ์—๋“œ์›Œ๋“œ 7์„ธ ์น˜์„ธ(1901-1910) ; ์กฐ์ง€ ์‹œ๋Œ€(Georgians). ์กฐ์ง€ 5์„ธ ์น˜์„ธ(1910-1936). โ€œโ€ฆ 1910๋…„ 12์›”์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์ฆˆ์Œ์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€(And now I will hazard a second assertion, which is more disputable perhaps, to the effect that on or about December 1910 human character changed.) โ€œ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•จ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ์ข…๊ต์™€ ํ–‰๋™๊ฑฐ์ง€์™€ ๋ฌธํ•™์—์„œ๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ 1910๋…„ ์ฆˆ์Œ์— ๋‘๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.โ€(And when human relations change there is at the same time a change in religion, conduct, politics, and literature. Let us agree to place one of these changes about the year 1910.)

  • โ€œ์—๋“œ์›Œ๋“œ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ธ๋ฌผ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด, ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์—๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ โ€œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ์„ค์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ โ€ฆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์กฐ์ง€ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋˜์ ธ ๋ฒ„๋ ค์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€

  • โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ•™์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์–ธ์ €๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ณณ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์šด ๋ถ€์ธ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ”, ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์ €๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.โ€(we are trembling on the verge of one of the great ages of English literature. But it can only be reached if we are determined never, never to desert Mrs. Brown.)

๐ŸŽง https://www.podbean.com/eas/pb-vn5kw-163a225

โง โ€œ์„œํ‰ ์“ฐ๊ธฐโ€(Reviewing, 1939)

  • review, reviewer(์„œํ‰, ์„œํ‰๊ฐ€) / critic, criticism(๋น„ํ‰, ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€). ์„œํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ง‰ ์ธ์‡„๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ํ’ˆํ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„ํ‰๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค ๋ฐ ๋ฌธํ•™์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 

  • ๋Œ€์ค‘๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ โ€œ์„œํ‰์€ ๋” ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ์งง์•„์กŒ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ ์„œํ‰์˜ ์‡ ํ‡ด์™€ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๋‹ค.โ€


โง โ€œ์ฑ…์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฝ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?โ€(How Should One Read a Book?, 1932)

  • 1926. 1. ์ผ„ํŠธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ—ค์ด์Šค์ฝ”ํŠธ ์—ฌํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•ด 10์›”์— โŸช์˜ˆ์ผ ๋ฆฌ๋ทฐโŸซYale Review์—  ๋ฐœํ‘œ, ์ด ๊ธ€์„ ๋Œ€ํญ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ โŸช๋ณดํ†ต ๋…์žโŸซ ์ œ2๊ถŒ(1932)์— ์ˆ˜๋ก

  • ๋…์„œ์˜ ์ฒซ์งธ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์ดํ•ด๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ์ด๋Š” ๋…์„œ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜๋ถ€. ๋…์„œ์˜ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€๋Š” ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ, ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์žฌ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ์—ฌ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ธ์ƒ๋“ค์— ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ํ™œ์ง ์—ด๊ธฐ

  • โ€œ๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ ์ข‹์•„์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค, ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉ์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€๊ฐ€? ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…์„œ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€?โ€

๐ŸŽง https://www.podbean.com/eas/pb-q3vma-163c2a9

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