As a private pilot, there are four terms you need to know when referring to speed. However, looking them up can get confusing. The FAR/AIM, PHAK, and Airplane Flying Handbook each provide different definitions. To simplify, here are high-level, “plane English” (no pun intended) definitions of each.
Indicated Airspeed is what is shown on your airspeed indicator. All the v-speeds are indicated airspeeds.
Calibrated Airspeed is Indicated Airspeed corrected for instrument and position error.
True Airspeed is Calibrated Airspeed corrected for altitude and non-standard temperature. True Airspeed is critical for estimating performance during cruise.
GroundSpeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the ground, or True Airspeed corrected for the effects of wind. This speed is used to determine time enroute and fuel usage.
There is a fifth speed you need to know if you fly faster than 200 knots or at high altitudes.
Equivalent Airspeed is Calibrated Airspeed corrected for the compressibility of air at high speed.
There you go! Five "plane-english" definitions! Enjoy!
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Warning: The information provided in this document is for demonstration purposes only. The information and results cannot be used for an actual flight. To plan an actual flight, you will need to use the information in the Pilot’s Operating Handbook, and the other documents associated with the specific airplane you fly.
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