An account of China's history with the West and America, superimposed over today's issues.
Russia was not the only European country staking claims in China in 1898.
Germany obtained a 99-year lease on Jiaozhou Bay in Shandong, establishing a colonial foothold in Qingdao.
https://dentedarmour.substack.com/p/unpacking-china-part-ii-how-its-modern?
That same year, Britain expanded north of Hong Kong into the wetlands and mountainous area near Kowloon (known as the New Territories) and tightened its grip along the Yangtze River.
France followed suit, acquiring Guangzhouwan and deepening its presence in Guangxi and Yunnan provinces while Japan retained its hold on Taiwan.