๐ŸŽค ์‹œํ•™ ๊ฐ•๋… - 6๊ฐ•

๐ŸŽค ์‹œํ•™ ๊ฐ•๋… - 6๊ฐ•

May 29, 2024

์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค, โŸช์‹œํ•™โŸซ, ๊ฐ•์˜์ž๋ฃŒ 

2024. 5. 29. ์ˆ˜์›์‹œํ‰์ƒํ•™์Šต๊ด€, ๊ฐ•์œ ์› 


6๊ฐ•. ๋น„๊ทน๊ณผ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์‹œ์Šค 

โง โŸช์‹œํ•™โŸซ์—์„œ์˜ ์ถœ์ฒ˜

  • โ€œ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๊ฐ์ •๋“ค์˜ โ€˜์ •ํ™”โ€™๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฐฉโ€(6์žฅ, 1449b 28)

  • โ€œ์ •ํ™”์˜์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตฌ์›์ด [์ „์ฒด์  ๊ตฌ๋„์—] ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š”โ€[์„ธ์ •ๆด—ๆทจ](17์žฅ, 1455b 15)

  • ์ˆ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ: โ€œ์‹œ์ธ์€ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ณตํฌ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜๋Š” ์พŒ๊ฐ(hฤ“donฤ“)์„ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœโ€(14์žฅ, 1453b 12) โ€” ์พŒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์‹œ์Šค


โง โŸช์ •์น˜ํ•™โŸซ์˜ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์‹œ์Šค ๊ฐœ๋…

  • ์Œ์•…์˜ ํšจ์šฉ. โ€œ๊ต์œก, ๋†€์ด, ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ํ™œ๋™[๊ณ ์ƒํ•œ ์ทจ๋ฏธํ™œ๋™]โ€(1339b 11), โ€œ๊ต์œก, ์ •ํ™”, ์—ฌ๊ฐ€์‹œ๊ฐ„(diagลgฤ“), ํœด์‹๊ณผ ๊ธด์žฅ์™„ํ™”โ€(1341b 36) โ€” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์‹œ์Šค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์‹œ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ž๊ทน. โ€œ๋งˆ์น˜ ์˜์ˆ ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ •ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์•ˆ์ •์  ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋˜๋Š”(kathistamenous)โ€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ •๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ โ€œํ•ด์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ์จโ€(ablabฤ“s hฤ“donฤ“)์„ ์ œ๊ณต

  • โ€œ๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ์ •ํ™”(tina katharsis)๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›Œ์งˆ(kouphizesthai) ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.โ€(1342a 14-15) โ€œ์ผ์ข…โ€(tina): ์นดํƒ€๋ฅด์‹œ์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ํ•จ์ถ•. ์ฆ‰ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ œ์‹œ๋œ ์ •ํ™”๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •ํ™” ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋ฉฐ ๋น„๊ทน์ด ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •ํ™”๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

  • ์ •ํ™”์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜

    • ์˜ํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ. ์„ธ์ • ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์ถœ(purgatio) 

    • ์ข…๊ต์ ยท์ œ์˜์  ์˜๋ฏธ ์ฆ‰ ์ •ํ™”ๆทจๅŒ–(lustratio) ๋˜๋Š” ์†์ฃ„(expiatio) 

    • ๋„๋•์  ์˜๋ฏธ ์ฆ‰ ์ˆœํ™”้†‡ๅŒ–, ็ด”ๅŒ–(purificatio)


โง ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ณตํฌ

์—ฐ๋ฏผ(eleos): โ€œ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๋‹นํ•  ๋งŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋ณ€๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฐ์ •... ๊ทธ ๋ณ€๊ณ ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ž์‹ ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ๋จธ์ง€์•Š์•„ ๋‹นํ•  ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค... ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€(์ด๋ฏธ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ๋ณ€๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ๋”๋Š” ๋ณ€๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ) ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ ์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํ–‰์šด์•„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๋‹ค.โ€(โŸช์ˆ˜์‚ฌํ•™โŸซ, 1385b 13-21)

โ€œ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด, ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ์Šต๊ด€, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ง€์œ„, ์ถœ์‹ ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ •์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ€๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•  ๊ฐœ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ๊นŒ ๋‘๋ ค์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚จ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ •์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ์›์น™์„ ๋ช…์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€(โŸช์ˆ˜์‚ฌํ•™โŸซ, 1386a 25-29)


๊ณตํฌ(phobos): โ€œ๋‘๋ ค์›€์€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋‚˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ž„๋ฐ•ํ•  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ(โŸช์ˆ˜์‚ฌํ•™โŸซ, 1382a 21-22)

โ€œ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฌด ์ผ๋„ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช… ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.โ€(โŸช์ˆ˜์‚ฌํ•™โŸซ, 1382a 29-30)

โ€œ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋ จํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ •์„ ๋ชฐ์•„๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ค๋ฉด ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ •์„ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.โ€(โŸช์ˆ˜์‚ฌํ•™โŸซ, 1386a 23-25)


์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ณตํฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต(lypฤ“)์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ด โ€˜๋ฐฐ์ถœโ€™์„ โ€˜์ •ํ™”โ€™๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋น„๊ทน์ด๋‹ค.


โง ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์—์„œ ์ •ํ™”๋กœ, ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ณ ์–‘

  • ๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ ๋„“ํ˜€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์šด๋ช…์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๋ถ€๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ฐœ๋œ ์‚ฌํƒœ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ง์ด ๊ฒฝ์™ธ์™€ ์ „์œจ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ณตํฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์ด ๋’ค์„ž์ธ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ๋น„๊ทน์€ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทน์— ๊ณตํฌ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๋Š๋‚Œ์— ๊ทธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ , ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ดํ•œ ๊ฐ์ƒ์ฃผ์˜ๆ„Ÿๅ‚ทไธป็พฉ(sentimentalism)์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. 

  • ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋˜ ๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ˜‘์†Œํ•จ์„ ๋ฒ—๊ณ  ๋ณดํŽธํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ณตํฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ์  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ธ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ด๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ด€๊ฐ์ด ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ๋น„๊ทน์  ๊ณ ๋‚œ์„ ๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ฐ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฆ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. 

     

โง ํ›„๋Œ€์˜ ๋…ผ์˜๋“ค

  • John Milton, Samsลn Agลnistฤ“s(โ€œSamson the championโ€), Of that sort of Dramatic Poem which is call'd Tragedy, 1671.

โ€œ๋น„๊ทน์€ ์—ฐ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋‘๋ ค์›€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณตํฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฉ์ •๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒฉ์ •๋“ค์„ ์”ป์–ด ๋‚ผ ํž˜์„ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์ž˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ๋œ ๊ฒฉ์ •์„ ์ฝ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผœ์ง„ ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ง„์ •์‹œํ‚ค๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค๋Š” ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.โ€ 

Tragedy, as it was antiently compos'd, hath been ever held the gravest, moralest, and most profitable of all other Poems: therefore said by Aristotle to be of power by raising pity and fear, or terror, to purge the mind of those and such like passions, that is to temper and reduce them to just measure with a kind of delight, stirr'd up by reading or seeing those passions well imitated. โ€”> ์ผ์ข…์˜ ๋™์ข…์š”๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋น„๊ทน, ์ข…๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์จ์„œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์น˜์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค. 

  • ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค, โ€œactions well imitatedโ€[6์žฅ์˜ ๋น„๊ทน์˜ ์ •์˜ ์ฐธ์กฐ] ๋ฐ€ํ„ด, โ€œpassions well imitated.โ€ 

  • Dryden, An Essay of Dramatic Poesy(1668) ยถ11 & 59, โ€œto represent the passionsโ€ is โ€œthe poetโ€™s work.โ€ 

  • ๊ณ ์ „ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ, ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋Š” ์ •๋…์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทœ์ •. ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์˜ ๋…์ž์ธ ๋ฐ€ํ„ด์€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ์˜ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์•ˆ

๐ŸŽง https://www.podbean.com/eas/pb-vnk3v-1626376

๐ŸŽง https://www.podbean.com/eas/pb-vrwyu-162637a

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