1. Flexbox
Flexbox is a layout model for aligning items along a single axis.
Example:

2. CSS Grid
CSS Grid is a two-dimensional layout system for building complex designs.
Example:

3. Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements
Pseudo-Classes: Apply styles based on an element's state. Example:
:hover,:focus.
Pseudo-Elements: Style specific parts of an element. Example:
::before,::after.
4. CSS Variables
Variables allow you to reuse values throughout your styles.
Example:

