Some medications do not mix well with certain foods. This chapter covers interactions between foods and medications, as well as advice to put into practice to avoid this.
I-Interactions between foods and medications
Eleven examples of interactions to know to avoid bad mixes that can cancel the effect of medications or make them toxic in the body.
1. Grapefruit and anti-cholesterol medication
The nutritional composition of grapefruit can chemically block the functioning of the enzyme allowing the assimilation of medications. This is the case, for example, of medications treating hypercholesterolemia (statins) and carrying the following molecules: simvastatin, lovastatin and atorvastatin. Taking these medications can cause rupture of muscle membranes and cause acute rhabdomyolysis (destruction of muscle cells).
2. Alcohol and tranquilizers
The ethanol contained in alcohol can increase the effects of tranquilizers by influencing their blood concentration in the body.
The amplification of the effects of the tranquilizer results in impaired alertness, dizziness, and even fainting.
3. Caffeine and antibiotics
Certain antibiotic molecules such as enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, and norfloxacin prevent the natural elimination of caffeine by retaining it in the body.
The side effects are similar to a caffeine overdose: increased heart rate, excitement, hypervigilance, and even loss of consciousness.
4. Citrus fruits and aspirin
Citrus fruits (oranges, lemons, grapefruit, etc.) cause heartburn and acid-gastric reflux if combined with aspirin or, more generally, anti-inflammatories.
To minimize the risks, it is recommended to limit your consumption of citrus fruits when taking aspirin and to take it with meals.
5. Vitamin K and anticoagulants
Vitamin K, contained in certain green vegetables (spinach, lettuce, cabbage, broccoli, etc.), should be used in moderation when taking anticoagulants because it reduces their effectiveness through chemical action.
6. Milk and dairy products
The calcium contained in these products can reduce the absorption of certain antibiotics such as tetracyclines and fluorine quinolones, thus reducing their effectiveness.
7. Licorice
It contains glycyrrhizin, which can increase sodium retention and reduce potassium levels, interfering with medications for high blood pressure and diuretics.
8. Chocolate
Rich in tyramine, it can interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, used to treat depression, and cause a dangerous increase in blood pressure.
9. Fermented soybeans
Like chocolate, it is rich in tyramine and can interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, increasing the risk of hypertensive crisis.
10. Bananas
Rich in potassium, they can interact with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and some diuretics, increasing the risk of hyperkalemia (excess potassium in the blood).
11. Smoked and dried meats
They also contain tyramine and can interact with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, increasing the risk of hypertensive crisis.
The consequences of this interaction are an increased risk of thrombosis (clot formation in the veins). These interactions show the importance of consulting a healthcare professional before combining certain foods with medications.
II-Practical tips to avoid these interactions
To avoid food interactions with medications.
1. Consult your doctor or pharmacist
Before starting a new medication, ask your healthcare professional if there are any foods to avoid.
2. Read the labels and package inserts
Medication package inserts often contain information on potential food interactions.
3. Avoid problematic foods
If you know that a food can interact with your medication, try to avoid it or consume it at different times than you take the medication.
4. Take your medication with water
Water is usually the best option for taking medications, as it does not interfere with their absorption.
5. Respect the dosing times
Some medications must be taken on an empty stomach, while others must be taken with food. Follow the instructions of your doctor or the package insert.
6. Watch for signs of interactions
Watch for unusual symptoms after consuming certain foods with your medications and tell your doctor.
7. Avoid alcohol
Alcohol can interact with many medications, so it’s best to avoid it or consume it in moderation.
8. Be careful with supplements
Dietary supplements can also interact with medications. Tell your doctor about all supplements you take.
9. Keep a food diary
Keep track of what you eat and drink, as well as the medications you take, to help identify potential interactions.
10. Continued education
Stay informed about food and medication interactions by consulting trusted sources and talking to your healthcare professional regularly.
These steps can help minimize the risk of food interactions with your medications. If you have specific concerns, don’t hesitate to talk to your doctor or pharmacist.